> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://docs.hedera.com/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# Mainnet

> Join Hedera Mainnet

## Overview

The Hedera mainnet (short for main network) is where applications are run in production, with transaction fees paid in [HBAR](https://www.hedera.com/hbar). Any application or retail user can submit transactions to the Hedera mainnet; they're automatically consensus-timestamped and fairly ordered.

Any Hedera account can query data associated with Hedera's services and stored on-chain. Every transaction requires payment of a fee. Fees follow a [base fee + extras model](/learn/core-concepts/fee-model) defined in the network's fee schedule (system file `0.0.113`). Fees are denominated in USD (as tinycents) and paid in HBAR at the current exchange rate (100,000,000 tℏ = 1 ℏ). You can learn more about transaction fees [here](/learn/core-concepts/fee-model) and estimate your application costs using the [fee tables](/learn/networks/mainnet/fees) or the `POST /api/v1/network/fees` [Mirror Node endpoint](/reference/rest-api/network).

If you're looking to test your application (or just experiment), please visit [Testnet Access](/learn/networks/testnet/access). The Hedera testnet enables developers to prototype and test applications in a simulated mainnet environment that uses test *HBAR* for paying transaction fees.

<Warning>
  **Transaction Throttles**
  Transactions on the Hedera Mainnet are currently throttled. You will receive a `"BUSY"` response if the number of transactions submitted to the network exceeds the threshold value.
</Warning>

## Main Network Throttles

| Network Request Types                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     | Throttle (TPS)                                                                                                                                                                                                             |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| **Cryptocurrency Transactions**                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           | `AccountCreateTransaction`: 2 tps<br />`TransferTransaction` (inc. tokens): 10,000 tps<br />`Other`: 10,000 tps                                                                                                            |
| **Consensus Transactions**                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                | `TopicCreateTransaction`: 5 tps<br />`Other`: 10,000 tps                                                                                                                                                                   |
| **Token Transactions**                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    | `TokenMintTransaction`: 125 tps (fungible mint), 50 tps (NFT mint)<br />`TokenAssociateTransaction`: 100 tps<br />`TransferTransaction` (inc. tokens): 10,000 tps<br />`Other`: 3,000 tps                                  |
| **Schedule Transactions**                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 | `ScheduleSignTransaction`: 100 tps<br />`ScheduleCreateTransaction`: 100 tps                                                                                                                                               |
| **File Transactions**                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     | 10 tps                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
| **Smart Contract Transactions**                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           | `ContractExecuteTransaction`: 15 million gas per second<br />`ContractCreateTransaction`: 15 million gas per second                                                                                                        |
| **Queries (per node)**                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    | `AccountBalanceQuery`: 1000 tps<br />`ContractGetInfo`: 700 tps<br />`ContractGetBytecode`: 700 tps<br />`ContractCallLocal`: 700 tps<br />`FileGetInfo`: 700 tps<br />`FileGetContents`: 700 tps<br />`Other`: 10,000 tps |
| **Receipts**                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              | unlimited (no throttle)                                                                                                                                                                                                    |
| <table><thead><tr><th>Network Request Types</th><th>Throttle (tps)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Cryptocurrency Transactions</strong></td><td><p><code>AccountCreateTransaction</code>: 2 tps</p><p><code>TransferTransaction</code> (inc. tokens): 10,000 tps<br /><code>Other</code>: 10,000 tps</p></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Consensus Transactions</strong></td><td><p><code>TopicCreateTransaction</code>: 5 tps</p><p><code>Other</code>: 10,000 tps</p></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Token Transactions</strong></td><td><p><code>TokenMintTransaction</code>:</p><ul><li>125 TPS for fungible mint</li><li>50 TPS for NFT mint</li></ul><p><code>TokenAssociateTransaction</code>: 100 tps<br /><code>TransferTransaction</code> (inc. tokens): 10,000 tps</p><p><code>Other</code>: 3,000 tps</p></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Schedule Transactions</strong></td><td><code>ScheduleSignTransaction</code>: 100 tps<br /><code>ScheduleCreateTransaction</code>: 100 tps</td></tr><tr><td><strong>File Transactions</strong></td><td>10 tps</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Smart Contract Transactions</strong></td><td><code>ContractExecuteTransaction</code>: 15 million gas per second<br /><code>ContractCreateTransaction</code>: 15 million gas per second</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Queries (per node)</strong></td><td><p><code>AccountBalanceQuery</code>: 1000 tps</p><p /><p><code>ContractGetInfo</code>: 700 tps<br /><code>ContractGetBytecode</code>: 700 tps<br /><code>ContractCallLocal</code>: 700 tps<br /><br /><code>FileGetInfo</code>: 700 tps<br /><code>FileGetContents</code>: 700 tps<br /><br /><code>Other</code>: 10,000 tps</p></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Receipts</strong></td><td>unlimited (no throttle)</td></tr></tbody></table> |                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |

### High-Volume Throttles

In addition to the standard throttles above, the network provides dedicated
**high-volume throttle capacity** for entity creation transactions that set
`high_volume = true`. These throttles run in parallel — they do not consume
capacity from the standard system, and the standard system does not consume
capacity from them.

| **Throttle Bucket**       | **Transaction Types**                                                                                           | **Capacity**        |
| ------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------- |
| HighVolumeCryptoThrottles | `CryptoCreate`, `ScheduleCreate`                                                                                | *Set by governance* |
| HighVolumeTotalThrottles  | All 14 [supported types](/learn/core-concepts/high-volume-entity-creation#supported-transaction-types) combined | *Set by governance* |

A high-volume transaction must pass **both** its per-type bucket and the total
bucket to be accepted. If either is exhausted, the transaction receives a `BUSY`
response — the same behavior as the standard throttle system.

<Note>
  High-volume transactions use **variable-rate pricing** that scales with utilization.
  See the [High-Volume Entity Creation](/learn/core-concepts/high-volume-entity-creation)
  guide to understand how this affects your transaction fees before opting in.
</Note>