Create and Transfer Your First NFT

The balance checks in this tutorial use AccountBalanceQuery, which stopped working with consensus node release v0.77. Current SDKs fail the call with a deprecation error. Before you run the code, replace those calls: read HBAR balances with MirrorNodeAccountBalanceQuery and token balances with MirrorNodeTokenBalanceQuery, or call the Mirror Node REST API. The mirror node lags consensus by a few seconds, so a balance read right after a transfer can show the old value.

Summary

Using the Hedera Token Service (HTS), you can create non-fungible tokens (NFTs). NFTs are uniquely identifiable. On the Hedera network, the token ID represents a collection of NFTs of the same class, and the serial number of each token uniquely identifies each NFT in the class.

Prerequisites

We recommend you complete the following introduction to get a basic understanding of Hedera transactions. This example does not build upon the previous examples.

1. Create a Non-Fungible Token (NFT)

Use TokenCreateTransaction() to configure and set the token properties. At a minimum, this constructor requires setting a name, symbol, and treasury account ID. All other fields are optional, so if they’re not specified, then default values are used. For instance, not specifying an admin key makes a token immutable (can’t change or add properties); not specifying a supply key makes a token supply fixed (can’t mint new or burn existing tokens); not specifying a token type makes a token fungible. After submitting the transaction to the Hedera network, you can obtain the new token ID by requesting the receipt. This token ID represents an NFT class.

// Create the NFT
TokenCreateTransaction nftCreate = new TokenCreateTransaction()
        .setTokenName("diploma")
        .setTokenSymbol("GRAD")
        .setTokenType(TokenType.NON_FUNGIBLE_UNIQUE)
        .setDecimals(0)
        .setInitialSupply(0)
        .setTreasuryAccountId(treasuryId)
        .setSupplyType(TokenSupplyType.FINITE)
        .setMaxSupply(250)
        .setSupplyKey(supplyKey)
        .freezeWith(client);

// Sign the transaction with the treasury key
TokenCreateTransaction nftCreateTxSign = nftCreate.sign(treasuryKey);

// Submit the transaction to a Hedera network
TransactionResponse nftCreateSubmit = nftCreateTxSign.execute(client);

// Get the transaction receipt
TransactionReceipt nftCreateRx = nftCreateSubmit.getReceipt(client);

// Get the token ID
TokenId tokenId = nftCreateRx.tokenId;

// Log the token ID
System.out.println("Created NFT with token ID " + tokenId);

// Create the NFT
const nftCreate = new TokenCreateTransaction()
    .setTokenName("diploma")
    .setTokenSymbol("GRAD")
    .setTokenType(TokenType.NonFungibleUnique)
    .setDecimals(0)
    .setInitialSupply(0)
    .setTreasuryAccountId(treasuryId)
    .setSupplyType(TokenSupplyType.Finite)
    .setMaxSupply(250)
    .setSupplyKey(supplyKey)
    .freezeWith(client);

// Sign the transaction with the treasury key
const nftCreateTxSign = await nftCreate.sign(treasuryKey);

// Submit the transaction to a Hedera network
const nftCreateSubmit = await nftCreateTxSign.execute(client);

// Get the transaction receipt
const nftCreateRx = await nftCreateSubmit.getReceipt(client);

// Get the token ID
const tokenId = nftCreateRx.tokenId;

// Log the token ID
console.log(`\nCreated NFT with token ID: ${tokenId}`);

// Create the NFT
nftCreate := must(hedera.NewTokenCreateTransaction().
	SetTokenName("diploma").
	SetTokenSymbol("GRAD").
	SetTokenType(hedera.TokenTypeNonFungibleUnique).
	SetDecimals(0).
	SetInitialSupply(0).
	SetTreasuryAccountID(treasuryID).
	SetSupplyType(hedera.TokenSupplyTypeFinite).
	SetMaxSupply(250).
	SetSupplyKey(supplyKey).
	FreezeWith(client))

// Sign the transaction with the treasury key
nftCreateSigned := nftCreate.Sign(treasuryKey)

// Submit the transaction to a Hedera network
nftCreateSubmit := must(nftCreateSigned.Execute(client))

// Get the transaction receipt
nftCreateRx := must(nftCreateSubmit.GetReceipt(client))

// Get the token ID
tokenID := *nftCreateRx.TokenID

// Log the token ID
fmt.Println("\nCreated NFT with token ID:", tokenID)

2. Mint a New NFT

When creating an NFT, the decimals and initial supply must be set to zero. After creating the token, you mint each NFT using the token mint operation. Specifying a supply key during token creation is a requirement to be able to mint and burn tokens. The supply key is required to sign mint and burn transactions. Both the NFT image and metadata live in the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS), which provides decentralized storage. The file diploma_metadata.json contains the metadata for the NFT. A content identifier (CID) pointing to the metadata file is used during minting of the new NFT. Notice that the metadata file contains a URI pointing to the NFT image.

// IPFS content identifiers for which we will create an NFT
String[] CID = {
        "ipfs://bafyreiao6ajgsfji6qsgbqwdtjdu5gmul7tv2v3pd6kjgcw5o65b2ogst4/metadata.json",
        "ipfs://bafyreic463uarchq4mlufp7pvfkfut7zeqsqmn3b2x3jjxwcjqx6b5pk7q/metadata.json",
        "ipfs://bafyreihhja55q6h2rijscl3gra7a3ntiroyglz45z5wlyxdzs6kjh2dinu/metadata.json",
        "ipfs://bafyreidb23oehkttjbff3gdi4vz7mjijcxjyxadwg32pngod4huozcwphu/metadata.json",
        "ipfs://bafyreie7ftl6erd5etz5gscfwfiwjmht3b52cevdrf7hjwxx5ddns7zneu/metadata.json"
    };

// MINT NEW BATCH OF NFTs 
TokenMintTransaction mintTx = new TokenMintTransaction().setTokenId(tokenId);

for (String cid : CID) {
        mintTx.addMetadata(cid.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
}

// Freeze the transaction
mintTx.freezeWith(client);

// Sign transaction with the supply key
TokenMintTransaction mintTxSign = mintTx.sign(supplyKey);

// Submit the transaction to a Hedera network
TransactionResponse mintTxSubmit = mintTxSign.execute(client);

// Get the transaction receipt
TransactionReceipt mintRx = mintTxSubmit.getReceipt(client);

// Log the serial number
System.out.println("Created NFT " + tokenId + " with serial: " + mintRx.serials);

//IPFS content identifiers for which we will create an NFT
const CID = [
  Buffer.from(
    "ipfs://bafyreiao6ajgsfji6qsgbqwdtjdu5gmul7tv2v3pd6kjgcw5o65b2ogst4/metadata.json"
  ),
  Buffer.from(
    "ipfs://bafyreic463uarchq4mlufp7pvfkfut7zeqsqmn3b2x3jjxwcjqx6b5pk7q/metadata.json"
  ),
  Buffer.from(
    "ipfs://bafyreihhja55q6h2rijscl3gra7a3ntiroyglz45z5wlyxdzs6kjh2dinu/metadata.json"
  ),
  Buffer.from(
    "ipfs://bafyreidb23oehkttjbff3gdi4vz7mjijcxjyxadwg32pngod4huozcwphu/metadata.json"
  ),
  Buffer.from(
    "ipfs://bafyreie7ftl6erd5etz5gscfwfiwjmht3b52cevdrf7hjwxx5ddns7zneu/metadata.json"
  )
];
	
// MINT NEW BATCH OF NFTs
const mintTx = await new TokenMintTransaction()
    .setTokenId(tokenId)
    .setMetadata(CID) // up to 10 entries per tx
    .freezeWith(client);

//Sign the transaction with the supply key
const mintTxSign = await mintTx.sign(supplyKey);

//Submit the transaction to a Hedera network
const mintTxSubmit = await mintTxSign.execute(client);

//Get the transaction receipt
const mintRx = await mintTxSubmit.getReceipt(client);

//Log the serial number
console.log(`Created NFT ${tokenId} with serial number(s): ${mintRx.serials}\n`);

// IPFS content identifiers for which we will create an NFT
CID := [][]byte{
	[]byte("ipfs://bafyreiao6ajgsfji6qsgbqwdtjdu5gmul7tv2v3pd6kjgcw5o65b2ogst4/metadata.json"),
	[]byte("ipfs://bafyreic463uarchq4mlufp7pvfkfut7zeqsqmn3b2x3jjxwcjqx6b5pk7q/metadata.json"),
	[]byte("ipfs://bafyreihhja55q6h2rijscl3gra7a3ntiroyglz45z5wlyxdzs6kjh2dinu/metadata.json"),
	[]byte("ipfs://bafyreidb23oehkttjbff3gdi4vz7mjijcxjyxadwg32pngod4huozcwphu/metadata.json"),
	[]byte("ipfs://bafyreie7ftl6erd5etz5gscfwfiwjmht3b52cevdrf7hjwxx5ddns7zneu/metadata.json"),
}

// MINT NEW BATCH OF NFTs
mintTx := must(hedera.NewTokenMintTransaction().
	SetTokenID(tokenID).
	SetMetadatas(CID).
	FreezeWith(client))
	
// Sign the transaction with the supply key		
mintTxSign := must(mintTx.Sign(supplyKey))

// Submit the transaction to a Hedera network
mintSubmit := must(mintTxSign.Execute(client))

// Get the transaction receipt
mintRx := must(mintSubmit.GetReceipt(client))

// Log the serial number
fmt.Printf("Created NFT %s with serial number(s): %v\n\n", tokenID, mintRx.SerialNumbers)

diploma_metadata.json

{
	"name": "Diploma",
	"description": "Certificate of Graduation",
	"image": "https://ipfs.io/ipfs/QmdTNJDYePd4EUUzYPuhc1GsDELjab6ypgvDQAp4visoM9?filename=diploma.jpg",
	"properties": {
		"university": "H State University",
		"college": "Engineering and Applied Sciences",
		"level": "Masters",
		"field": "Mechanical Engineering",
		"honors": "yes",
		"honorsType": "Summa Cum Laude",
		"gpa": "3.84",
		"student": "Alice",
		"date": "2021-03-18"
	}
}

🚨 Throttle cap warning

Batch minting of 10+ NFTs can run into throughput issues and potentially hit the transaction limit (throttle cap), causing the SDK to throw BUSY exceptions. Adding an application-level retry loop can help manage these exceptions for the batch-minting process. The following are examples of retry loops:

private static final int MAX_RETRIES = 5;

private static TransactionReceipt executeTransaction
(Transaction<?> transaction, PrivateKey key) 
throws Exception {
    int retries = 0;

    while (retries < MAX_RETRIES) {
        try {
            TransactionResponse txResponse = transaction.sign(key).execute(client);
            TransactionReceipt txReceipt = txResponse.getReceipt(client);

            return txReceipt;
        } catch (PrecheckStatusException e) {
            if (e.status == Status.BUSY) {
                retries++;
                System.out.println("Retry attempt: " + retries);
            } else {
                throw e;
            }
        }
    }
    
    throw new Exception("Transaction failed after " + MAX_RETRIES + " attempts");
}

async function executeTransaction(transaction, key) {
  let retries = 0;
  while (retries < MAX_RETRIES) {
    try {
      const txSign = await transaction.sign(key);
      const txSubmit = await txSign.execute(client);
      const txReceipt = await txSubmit.getReceipt(client);

      // If the transaction succeeded, return the receipt
      return txReceipt;
    } catch (err) {
      // If the error is BUSY, retry the transaction
      if (err.toString().includes('BUSY')) {
        retries++;
        console.log(`Retry attempt: ${retries}`);
      } else {
        // If the error is not BUSY, throw the error
        throw err;
      }
    }
  }
  throw new Error(`Transaction failed after ${MAX_RETRIES} attempts`);
}

func retry(attempts int, sleep time.Duration, fn func() error) error {
	err := fn()
	if err != nil {
		if attempts--; attempts > 0 {
			// Exponential backoff
			time.Sleep(sleep)
			return retry(attempts, 2*sleep, fn)
		}
	}
	return err
}

func executeWithRetry(fn func() error) error {
	return retry(2, 1*time.Second, fn)
}

3. Associate User Accounts with the NFT

Before an account that is not the treasury for a token can receive or send this specific token ID, the account must become “associated” with the token. To associate a token with an account, the account owner must sign the associate transaction. If you have an account with the automatic token association property set, you do not need to associate the token before transferring it to the receiving account.

// Create the associate transaction and sign with Alice's key 
TokenAssociateTransaction associateAliceTx = new TokenAssociateTransaction()
        .setAccountId(aliceId)
        .setTokenIds(Collections.singletonList(tokenId))
	.freezeWith(client)
        .sign(aliceKey);

// Submit the transaction to a Hedera network
TransactionResponse associateAliceTxSubmit = associateAliceTx.execute(client);

// Get the transaction receipt
TransactionReceipt associateAliceRx = associateAliceTxSubmit.getReceipt(client);

// Confirm the transaction was successful
System.out.println(
        "\nNFT association with Alice's account: " 
                + associateAliceRx.status + " ✅");

// Create the associate transaction and sign with Alice's key 
const associateAliceTx = await new TokenAssociateTransaction()
	.setAccountId(aliceId)
	.setTokenIds([tokenId])
	.freezeWith(client)
	.sign(aliceKey);

// Submit the transaction to a Hedera network
const associateAliceTxSubmit = await associateAliceTx.execute(client);

// Get the transaction receipt
const associateAliceRx = await associateAliceTxSubmit.getReceipt(client);

// Confirm the transaction was successful
console.log(`NFT association with Alice's account: ${associateAliceRx.status} ✅`);

// Create the associate transaction and sign with Alice's key 
associateAlice := must(hedera.NewTokenAssociateTransaction().
    SetAccountID(aliceID).
    SetTokenIDs(tokenID). // single token id
    FreezeWith(client)).
    Sign(aliceKey)
	
// Submit the transaction to a Hedera network
associateAliceSubmit := must(associateAlice.Execute(client))

// Get the transaction receipt
associateAliceRx := must(associateAliceSubmit.GetReceipt(client))

// Confirm the transaction was successful
fmt.Println("NFT association with Alice's account:", associateAliceRx.Status, "✅")

4. Transfer the NFT

Now, transfer the NFT and check the account balances before and after the send! After the transfer, you should expect 1 NFT to be removed from the treasury account and available in Alice’s account. The treasury account key has to sign the transfer transaction to authorize the transfer to Alice’s account.

// Check the balance before the NFT transfer for the treasury account
AccountBalance balanceCheckTreasury = new AccountBalanceQuery()
        .setAccountId(treasuryId)
        .execute(client);
System.out.println(
        "- Treasury balance: " + balanceCheckTreasury.tokens.getOrDefault(tokenId, 0L)
                + " NFTs of ID " + tokenId);

// Check the balance before the NFT transfer for Alice's account
AccountBalance balanceCheckAlice = new AccountBalanceQuery()
        .setAccountId(aliceId)
        .execute(client);
System.out.println(
        "Alice's balance: " + balanceCheckAlice.tokens.getOrDefault(tokenId, 0L) 
                + " NFTs of ID " + tokenId);

// Transfer NFT from treasury to Alice
// Sign with the treasury key to authorize the transfer
TransferTransaction tokenTransferTx = new TransferTransaction()
        .addNftTransfer(new NftId(tokenId, 1), treasuryId, aliceId)
        .freezeWith(client)
        .sign(treasuryKey);

// Submit the transfer transaction to a Hedera network
TransactionResponse tokenTransferSubmit = tokenTransferTx.execute(client);

// Get the transaction receipt
TransactionReceipt tokenTransferRx = tokenTransferSubmit.getReceipt(client);

// Confirm the transaction was successful
System.out.println(
        "\nNFT transfer from Treasury to Alice: " 
                + tokenTransferRx.status + " ✅");

// Check the balance for the treasury account after the transfer
AccountBalance balanceCheckTreasury2 = new AccountBalanceQuery()
        .setAccountId(treasuryId)
        .execute(client);
System.out.println(
        "\nTreasury balance: " + balanceCheckTreasury2.tokens.getOrDefault(tokenId, 0L) 
                + " NFTs of ID " + tokenId);

// Check the balance for Alice's account after the transfer
AccountBalance balanceCheckAlice2 = new AccountBalanceQuery()
        .setAccountId(aliceId)
        .execute(client);
System.out.println(
        "- Alice's balance: " + balanceCheckAlice2.tokens.getOrDefault(tokenId, 0L)
                + " NFTs of ID " + tokenId + "\n");

// Check the balance before the NFT transfer for the treasury account
let balanceCheckTx = await new AccountBalanceQuery()
    .setAccountId(treasuryId)
    .execute(client);
  console.log(
    `- Treasury balance for ${tokenId.toString()}: ${(
      balanceCheckTx.tokens.get(tokenId) ?? 0
    ).toString()}`
  );

// Check the balance before the NFT transfer for Alice's account
balanceCheckTx = await new AccountBalanceQuery()
    .setAccountId(aliceId)
    .execute(client);
  console.log(
    `- Alice's balance for ${tokenId.toString()}: ${(
      balanceCheckTx.tokens.get(tokenId) ?? 0
    ).toString()}`
  );

// Transfer the NFT from treasury to Alice
// Sign with the treasury key to authorize the transfer
const tokenTransferTx = await new TransferTransaction()
    .addNftTransfer(tokenId, 1, treasuryId, aliceId)
    .freezeWith(client)
    .sign(treasuryKey);

// Submit the transaction to a Hedera network
const tokenTransferSubmit = await tokenTransferTx.execute(client);

// Get the transaction receipt
const tokenTransferRx = await tokenTransferSubmit.getReceipt(client);

// Confirm the transaction was successful
console.log(
  `\nNFT transfer from treasury to Alice: ${tokenTransferRx.status}  ✅`
);

// Check the balance for the treasury account after the transfer
balanceCheckTx = await new AccountBalanceQuery()
    .setAccountId(treasuryId)
    .execute(client);
  console.log(
    `- Treasury balance for ${tokenId.toString()}: ${(
      balanceCheckTx.tokens.get(tokenId) ?? 0
    ).toString()}`
  );

// Check the balance for Alice's account after the transfer
balanceCheckTx = await new AccountBalanceQuery()
    .setAccountId(aliceId)
    .execute(client);
  console.log(
    `- Alice's balance for ${tokenId.toString()}: ${(
      balanceCheckTx.tokens.get(tokenId) ?? 0
    ).toString()}\n`
  );

// Check the balance before the NFT transfer for the treasury account
treasuryBal := must(hedera.NewAccountBalanceQuery().SetAccountID(treasuryID).Execute(client))
treasuryNftBefore := treasuryBal.Tokens.Get(tokenID)
fmt.Printf("- Treasury balance: %d NFTs of ID %s\n", treasuryNftBefore, tokenID)

// Check the balance before the NFT transfer for Alice's account
aliceBal := must(hedera.NewAccountBalanceQuery().SetAccountID(aliceID).Execute(client))
aliceNftBefore := aliceBal.Tokens.Get(tokenID)
fmt.Printf("- Alice's balance: %d NFTs of ID %s\n", aliceNftBefore, tokenID)

// Transfer the NFT from treasury to Alice
// Sign with the treasury key to authorize the transfer
transfer := must(hedera.NewTransferTransaction().
	AddNftTransfer(hedera.NftID{TokenID: tokenID, SerialNumber: 1}, treasuryID, aliceID).
	FreezeWith(client)).
	Sign(treasuryKey)

// Submit the transaction to a Hedera network
transferSubmit := must(transfer.Execute(client))

// Get the transaction receipt
transferRx := must(transferSubmit.GetReceipt(client))

// Confirm the transaction was successful
fmt.Println("\nNFT transfer from Treasury to Alice:", transferRx.Status, "✅")

// Check the balance for the treasury account after the transfer
treasuryBal2 := must(hedera.NewAccountBalanceQuery().SetAccountID(treasuryID).Execute(client))
treasuryNftAfter := treasuryBal2.Tokens.Get(tokenID)
fmt.Printf("- Treasury balance: %d NFTs of ID %s\n", treasuryNftAfter, tokenID)

// Check the balance for Alice's account after the transfer
aliceBal2 := must(hedera.NewAccountBalanceQuery().SetAccountID(aliceID).Execute(client))
aliceNftAfter := aliceBal2.Tokens.Get(tokenID)
fmt.Printf("- Alice's balance: %d NFTs of ID %s\n\n", aliceNftAfter, tokenID)

Code Check ✅

Java

import com.hedera.hashgraph.sdk.*;
import io.github.cdimascio.dotenv.Dotenv;

import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public class CreateYourFirstNft {

        public static void main(String[] args)
                        throws TimeoutException, PrecheckStatusException, ReceiptStatusException {

                // Load env variables
                Dotenv dotenv = Dotenv.load();
                AccountId operatorId = AccountId.fromString(dotenv.get("OPERATOR_ID"));
                PrivateKey operatorKey = PrivateKey.fromStringDER(dotenv.get("OPERATOR_KEY"));

                Client client = Client.forTestnet();
                client.setOperator(operatorId, operatorKey);
                client.setDefaultMaxTransactionFee(new Hbar(20));

                // Generate Treasury key
                PrivateKey treasuryKey = PrivateKey.generateECDSA();
                PublicKey treasuryPublicKey = treasuryKey.getPublicKey();
                
                // Create Treasury account
                TransactionResponse treasuryTx = new AccountCreateTransaction()
                                .setKeyWithAlias(treasuryPublicKey)
                                .setInitialBalance(new Hbar(20))
                                .execute(client);
                AccountId treasuryId = treasuryTx.getReceipt(client).accountId;

                // Generate Alice's key
                PrivateKey aliceKey = PrivateKey.generateECDSA();
                PublicKey alicePublicKey = aliceKey.getPublicKey();
                
                // Create Alice's account
                TransactionResponse aliceTx = new AccountCreateTransaction()
                                .setKeyWithAlias(alicePublicKey)
                                .setInitialBalance(new Hbar(20))
                                .execute(client);
                AccountId aliceId = aliceTx.getReceipt(client).accountId;

                // Generate supply key
                PrivateKey supplyKey = PrivateKey.generateECDSA();

                // Create the NFT
                TokenCreateTransaction nftCreate = new TokenCreateTransaction()
                                .setTokenName("diploma")
                                .setTokenSymbol("GRAD")
                                .setTokenType(TokenType.NON_FUNGIBLE_UNIQUE)
                                .setDecimals(0)
                                .setInitialSupply(0)
                                .setTreasuryAccountId(treasuryId)
                                .setSupplyType(TokenSupplyType.FINITE)
                                .setMaxSupply(250)
                                .setSupplyKey(supplyKey)
                                .freezeWith(client);

                // Sign the transaction with the treasury key
                TokenCreateTransaction nftCreateTxSign = nftCreate.sign(treasuryKey);

                // Submit the transaction to a Hedera network
                TransactionResponse nftCreateSubmit = nftCreateTxSign.execute(client);

                // Get the transaction receipt
                TransactionReceipt nftCreateRx = nftCreateSubmit.getReceipt(client);

                // Get the token ID
                TokenId tokenId = nftCreateRx.tokenId;

                // Log the token ID
                System.out.println("Created NFT with token ID " + tokenId);

                // IPFS content identifiers for which we will create a NFT
                String[] CID = {
                                "ipfs://bafyreiao6ajgsfji6qsgbqwdtjdu5gmul7tv2v3pd6kjgcw5o65b2ogst4/metadata.json",
                                "ipfs://bafyreic463uarchq4mlufp7pvfkfut7zeqsqmn3b2x3jjxwcjqx6b5pk7q/metadata.json",
                                "ipfs://bafyreihhja55q6h2rijscl3gra7a3ntiroyglz45z5wlyxdzs6kjh2dinu/metadata.json",
                                "ipfs://bafyreidb23oehkttjbff3gdi4vz7mjijcxjyxadwg32pngod4huozcwphu/metadata.json",
                                "ipfs://bafyreie7ftl6erd5etz5gscfwfiwjmht3b52cevdrf7hjwxx5ddns7zneu/metadata.json"
                };

                // MINT NEW BATCH OF NFTs
                TokenMintTransaction mintTx = new TokenMintTransaction().setTokenId(tokenId);

                for (String cid : CID) {
                        mintTx.addMetadata(cid.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
                }

                // Freeze the transaction
                mintTx.freezeWith(client);

                // Sign transaction with the supply key
                TokenMintTransaction mintTxSign = mintTx.sign(supplyKey);

                // Submit the transaction to a Hedera network
                TransactionResponse mintTxSubmit = mintTxSign.execute(client);

                // Get the transaction receipt
                TransactionReceipt mintRx = mintTxSubmit.getReceipt(client);

                // Log the serial number
                System.out.println("Created NFT " + tokenId + " with serial: " + mintRx.serials);

                // Create the associate transaction and sign with Alice's key
                TokenAssociateTransaction associateAliceTx = new TokenAssociateTransaction()
                                .setAccountId(aliceId)
                                .setTokenIds(Collections.singletonList(tokenId))
                                .freezeWith(client)
                                .sign(aliceKey);

                // Submit the transaction to a Hedera network
                TransactionResponse associateAliceTxSubmit = associateAliceTx.execute(client);

                // Get the transaction receipt
                TransactionReceipt associateAliceRx = associateAliceTxSubmit.getReceipt(client);

                // Confirm the transaction was successful
                System.out.println(
                                "\nNFT association with Alice's account: "
                                                + associateAliceRx.status + " ✅");

                // Check the balance before the NFT transfer for the treasury account
                AccountBalance balanceCheckTreasury = new AccountBalanceQuery()
                                .setAccountId(treasuryId)
                                .execute(client);
                System.out.println(
                                "- Treasury balance: " + balanceCheckTreasury.tokens.getOrDefault(tokenId, 0L)
                                                + " NFTs of ID " + tokenId);

                // Check the balance before the NFT transfer for Alice's account
                AccountBalance balanceCheckAlice = new AccountBalanceQuery()
                                .setAccountId(aliceId)
                                .execute(client);
                System.out.println(
                                "Alice's balance: " + balanceCheckAlice.tokens.getOrDefault(tokenId, 0L)
                                                + " NFTs of ID " + tokenId);

                // Transfer NFT from treasury to Alice
                // Sign with the treasury key to authorize the transfer
                TransferTransaction tokenTransferTx = new TransferTransaction()
                                .addNftTransfer(new NftId(tokenId, 1), treasuryId, aliceId)
                                .freezeWith(client)
                                .sign(treasuryKey);

                // Submit the transfer transaction to a Hedera network
                TransactionResponse tokenTransferSubmit = tokenTransferTx.execute(client);

                // Get the transaction receipt
                TransactionReceipt tokenTransferRx = tokenTransferSubmit.getReceipt(client);

                // Confirm the transaction was successful
                System.out.println(
                                "\nNFT transfer from Treasury to Alice: "
                                                + tokenTransferRx.status + " ✅");

                // Check the balance for the treasury account after the transfer
                AccountBalance balanceCheckTreasury2 = new AccountBalanceQuery()
                                .setAccountId(treasuryId)
                                .execute(client);
                System.out.println(
                                "\nTreasury balance: " + balanceCheckTreasury2.tokens.getOrDefault(tokenId, 0L)
                                                + " NFTs of ID " + tokenId);

                // Check the balance for Alice's account after the transfer
                AccountBalance balanceCheckAlice2 = new AccountBalanceQuery()
                                .setAccountId(aliceId)
                                .execute(client);
                System.out.println(
                                "- Alice's balance: " + balanceCheckAlice2.tokens.getOrDefault(tokenId, 0L)
                                                + " NFTs of ID " + tokenId + "\n");
        }
}

JavaScript

console.clear();
import "dotenv/config";

import {
  Hbar,
  Client,
  AccountId,
  PrivateKey,
  AccountCreateTransaction,
  TokenType,
  TokenSupplyType,
  TokenMintTransaction,
  TransferTransaction,
  AccountBalanceQuery,
  TokenCreateTransaction,
  TokenAssociateTransaction,
} from "@hiero-ledger/sdk";

// Operator credentials
const operatorId = AccountId.fromString(process.env.OPERATOR_ID);

// flexible private key parser
function parsePriv(str) {
  try {
    return PrivateKey.fromStringECDSA(str);
  } catch {
    return PrivateKey.fromStringED25519(str);
  }
}
const operatorKey = parsePriv(process.env.OPERATOR_KEY);

async function main() {
  // Initialize client
  const client = Client.forTestnet().setOperator(operatorId, operatorKey);
  client.setDefaultMaxTransactionFee(new Hbar(20));

  // Generate Treasury key
  const treasuryKey = PrivateKey.generateECDSA();
  const treasuryPublicKey = treasuryKey.publicKey;
  
  // Create Treasury account
  const treasuryTx = await new AccountCreateTransaction()
    .setECDSAKeyWithAlias(treasuryPublicKey)
    .setInitialBalance(new Hbar(20))
    .execute(client);
  const treasuryId = (await treasuryTx.getReceipt(client)).accountId;

  // Generate Alice's key
  const aliceKey = PrivateKey.generateECDSA();
  const alicePublicKey = aliceKey.publicKey;
  
  // Create Alice's account
  const aliceTx = await new AccountCreateTransaction()
    .setECDSAKeyWithAlias(alicePublicKey)
    .setInitialBalance(new Hbar(20))
    .execute(client);
  const aliceId = (await aliceTx.getReceipt(client)).accountId;

  // Generate supply key
  const supplyKey = PrivateKey.generateECDSA();

  // Create the NFT
  const nftCreate = new TokenCreateTransaction()
    .setTokenName("diploma")
    .setTokenSymbol("GRAD")
    .setTokenType(TokenType.NonFungibleUnique)
    .setDecimals(0)
    .setInitialSupply(0)
    .setTreasuryAccountId(treasuryId)
    .setSupplyType(TokenSupplyType.Finite)
    .setMaxSupply(250)
    .setSupplyKey(supplyKey)
    .freezeWith(client);

  // Sign the transaction with the treasury key
  const nftCreateTxSign = await nftCreate.sign(treasuryKey);

  // Submit the transaction to a Hedera network
  const nftCreateSubmit = await nftCreateTxSign.execute(client);

  // Get the transaction receipt
  const nftCreateRx = await nftCreateSubmit.getReceipt(client);

  // Get the token ID
  const tokenId = nftCreateRx.tokenId;

  // Log the token ID
  console.log(`\nCreated NFT with token ID: ${tokenId}`);

  // IPFS content identifiers for which we will create a NFT
  const CID = [
    Buffer.from(
      "ipfs://bafyreiao6ajgsfji6qsgbqwdtjdu5gmul7tv2v3pd6kjgcw5o65b2ogst4/metadata.json"
    ),
    Buffer.from(
      "ipfs://bafyreic463uarchq4mlufp7pvfkfut7zeqsqmn3b2x3jjxwcjqx6b5pk7q/metadata.json"
    ),
    Buffer.from(
      "ipfs://bafyreihhja55q6h2rijscl3gra7a3ntiroyglz45z5wlyxdzs6kjh2dinu/metadata.json"
    ),
    Buffer.from(
      "ipfs://bafyreidb23oehkttjbff3gdi4vz7mjijcxjyxadwg32pngod4huozcwphu/metadata.json"
    ),
    Buffer.from(
      "ipfs://bafyreie7ftl6erd5etz5gscfwfiwjmht3b52cevdrf7hjwxx5ddns7zneu/metadata.json"
    ),
  ];

  // MINT NEW BATCH OF NFTs
  const mintTx = await new TokenMintTransaction()
    .setTokenId(tokenId)
    .setMetadata(CID) // up to 10 entries per tx
    .freezeWith(client);

  // Sign the transaction with the supply key
  const mintTxSign = await mintTx.sign(supplyKey);

  // Submit the transaction to a Hedera network
  const mintTxSubmit = await mintTxSign.execute(client);

  // Get the transaction receipt
  const mintRx = await mintTxSubmit.getReceipt(client);

  // Log the serial number
  console.log(
    `Created NFT ${tokenId} with serial number(s): ${mintRx.serials}\n`
  );

  // Create the associate transaction and sign with Alice's key
  const associateAliceTx = await new TokenAssociateTransaction()
    .setAccountId(aliceId)
    .setTokenIds([tokenId])
    .freezeWith(client)
    .sign(aliceKey);

  // Submit the transaction to a Hedera network
  const associateAliceTxSubmit = await associateAliceTx.execute(client);

  // Get the transaction receipt
  const associateAliceRx = await associateAliceTxSubmit.getReceipt(client);

  // Confirm the transaction was successful
  console.log(
    `NFT association with Alice's account: ${associateAliceRx.status} ✅`
  );

  // Check the balance before the NFT transfer for the treasury account
  let balanceCheckTx = await new AccountBalanceQuery()
    .setAccountId(treasuryId)
    .execute(client);
  console.log(
    `- Treasury balance for ${tokenId.toString()}: ${(
      balanceCheckTx.tokens.get(tokenId) ?? 0
    ).toString()}`
  );

  // Check the balance before the NFT transfer for Alice's account
  balanceCheckTx = await new AccountBalanceQuery()
    .setAccountId(aliceId)
    .execute(client);
  console.log(
    `- Alice's balance for ${tokenId.toString()}: ${(
      balanceCheckTx.tokens.get(tokenId) ?? 0
    ).toString()}`
  );

  // Transfer the NFT from treasury to Alice
  // Sign with the treasury key to authorize the transfer
  const tokenTransferTx = await new TransferTransaction()
    .addNftTransfer(tokenId, 1, treasuryId, aliceId)
    .freezeWith(client)
    .sign(treasuryKey);

  // Submit the transaction to a Hedera network
  const tokenTransferSubmit = await tokenTransferTx.execute(client);

  // Get the transaction receipt
  const tokenTransferRx = await tokenTransferSubmit.getReceipt(client);

  // Confirm the transaction was successful
  console.log(
    `\nNFT transfer from treasury to Alice: ${tokenTransferRx.status}  ✅`
  );

  // Check the balance for the treasury account after the transfer
  balanceCheckTx = await new AccountBalanceQuery()
    .setAccountId(treasuryId)
    .execute(client);
  console.log(
    `- Treasury balance for ${tokenId.toString()}: ${(
      balanceCheckTx.tokens.get(tokenId) ?? 0
    ).toString()}`
  );

  // Check the balance for Alice's account after the transfer
  balanceCheckTx = await new AccountBalanceQuery()
    .setAccountId(aliceId)
    .execute(client);
  console.log(
    `- Alice's balance for ${tokenId.toString()}: ${(
      balanceCheckTx.tokens.get(tokenId) ?? 0
    ).toString()}\n`
  );

  client.close();
}

main().catch((e) => {
  console.error(e);
  process.exit(1);
});

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"os"

	hedera "github.com/hiero-ledger/hiero-sdk-go/v2/sdk"
	"github.com/joho/godotenv"
)

func must[T any](v T, err error) T {
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
	return v
}

func main() {
	if err := godotenv.Load(".env"); err != nil {
		panic(fmt.Errorf("unable to load .env: %w", err))
	}

	// Load operator credentials
	operatorID := must(hedera.AccountIDFromString(os.Getenv("OPERATOR_ID")))
	operatorKey := must(hedera.PrivateKeyFromString(os.Getenv("OPERATOR_KEY")))

	// Initialize Client
	client := hedera.ClientForTestnet()
	client.SetOperator(operatorID, operatorKey)
	client.SetDefaultMaxTransactionFee(hedera.NewHbar(20))

	// Generate Treasury key
	treasuryKey := must(hedera.PrivateKeyGenerateEcdsa())
	treasuryPublicKey := treasuryKey.PublicKey()
	
	// Create Treasury account
	treasuryCreate := must(hedera.NewAccountCreateTransaction().
		SetECDSAKeyWithAlias(treasuryPublicKey).
		SetInitialBalance(hedera.NewHbar(20)).
		Execute(client))
	treasuryReceipt := must(treasuryCreate.GetReceipt(client))
	treasuryID := *treasuryReceipt.AccountID

	// Generate Alice's key
	aliceKey := must(hedera.PrivateKeyGenerateEcdsa())
	alicePublicKey := aliceKey.PublicKey()
	
	// Create Alice's account
	aliceCreate := must(hedera.NewAccountCreateTransaction().
		SetECDSAKeyWithAlias(alicePublicKey).
		SetInitialBalance(hedera.NewHbar(20)).
		Execute(client))
	aliceReceipt := must(aliceCreate.GetReceipt(client))
	aliceID := *aliceReceipt.AccountID

	// Generate supply key
	supplyKey := must(hedera.PrivateKeyGenerateEcdsa())

	// Create the NFT
	nftCreate := must(hedera.NewTokenCreateTransaction().
		SetTokenName("diploma").
		SetTokenSymbol("GRAD").
		SetTokenType(hedera.TokenTypeNonFungibleUnique).
		SetDecimals(0).
		SetInitialSupply(0).
		SetTreasuryAccountID(treasuryID).
		SetSupplyType(hedera.TokenSupplyTypeFinite).
		SetMaxSupply(250).
		SetSupplyKey(supplyKey).
		FreezeWith(client))

	// Sign the transaction with the treasury key
	nftCreateSigned := nftCreate.Sign(treasuryKey)

	// Submit the transaction to a Hedera network
	nftCreateSubmit := must(nftCreateSigned.Execute(client))

	// Get the transaction receipt
	nftCreateRx := must(nftCreateSubmit.GetReceipt(client))

	// Get the token ID
	tokenID := *nftCreateRx.TokenID

	// Log the token ID
	fmt.Println("\nCreated NFT with token ID:", tokenID)

	// IPFS content identifiers for which we will create an NFT
	CID := [][]byte{
		[]byte("ipfs://bafyreiao6ajgsfji6qsgbqwdtjdu5gmul7tv2v3pd6kjgcw5o65b2ogst4/metadata.json"),
		[]byte("ipfs://bafyreic463uarchq4mlufp7pvfkfut7zeqsqmn3b2x3jjxwcjqx6b5pk7q/metadata.json"),
		[]byte("ipfs://bafyreihhja55q6h2rijscl3gra7a3ntiroyglz45z5wlyxdzs6kjh2dinu/metadata.json"),
		[]byte("ipfs://bafyreidb23oehkttjbff3gdi4vz7mjijcxjyxadwg32pngod4huozcwphu/metadata.json"),
		[]byte("ipfs://bafyreie7ftl6erd5etz5gscfwfiwjmht3b52cevdrf7hjwxx5ddns7zneu/metadata.json"),
	}

	// MINT NEW BATCH OF NFTs
	mintTx := must(hedera.NewTokenMintTransaction().
		SetTokenID(tokenID).
		SetMetadatas(CID).
		FreezeWith(client))
	
	// Sign the transaction with the supply key		
	mintTxSign := must(mintTx.Sign(supplyKey))

	// Submit the transaction to a Hedera network
	mintSubmit := must(mintTxSign.Execute(client))

	// Get the transaction receipt
	mintRx := must(mintSubmit.GetReceipt(client))

	// Log the serial number
	fmt.Printf("Created NFT %s with serial number(s): %v\n\n", tokenID, mintRx.SerialNumbers)

	// Create the associate transaction and sign with Alice's key
	associateAlice := must(hedera.NewTokenAssociateTransaction().
		SetAccountID(aliceID).
		SetTokenIDs(tokenID). // single token id
		FreezeWith(client)).
		Sign(aliceKey)

	// Submit the transaction to a Hedera network
	associateAliceSubmit := must(associateAlice.Execute(client))

	// Get the transaction receipt
	associateAliceRx := must(associateAliceSubmit.GetReceipt(client))

	// Confirm the transaction was successful
	fmt.Println("NFT association with Alice's account:", associateAliceRx.Status, "✅")

	// Check the balance before the NFT transfer for the treasury account
	treasuryBal := must(hedera.NewAccountBalanceQuery().SetAccountID(treasuryID).Execute(client))
	treasuryNftBefore := treasuryBal.Tokens.Get(tokenID)
	fmt.Printf("- Treasury balance: %d NFTs of ID %s\n", treasuryNftBefore, tokenID)

	// Check the balance before the NFT transfer for Alice's account
	aliceBal := must(hedera.NewAccountBalanceQuery().SetAccountID(aliceID).Execute(client))
	aliceNftBefore := aliceBal.Tokens.Get(tokenID)
	fmt.Printf("- Alice's balance: %d NFTs of ID %s\n", aliceNftBefore, tokenID)

	// Transfer the NFT from treasury to Alice
	// Sign with the treasury key to authorize the transfer
	transfer := must(hedera.NewTransferTransaction().
		AddNftTransfer(hedera.NftID{TokenID: tokenID, SerialNumber: 1}, treasuryID, aliceID).
		FreezeWith(client)).
		Sign(treasuryKey)

	// Submit the transaction to a Hedera network
	transferSubmit := must(transfer.Execute(client))

	// Get the transaction receipt
	transferRx := must(transferSubmit.GetReceipt(client))

	// Confirm the transaction was successful
	fmt.Println("\nNFT transfer from Treasury to Alice:", transferRx.Status, "✅")

	// Check the balance for the treasury account after the transfer
	treasuryBal2 := must(hedera.NewAccountBalanceQuery().SetAccountID(treasuryID).Execute(client))
	treasuryNftAfter := treasuryBal2.Tokens.Get(tokenID)
	fmt.Printf("- Treasury balance: %d NFTs of ID %s\n", treasuryNftAfter, tokenID)

	// Check the balance for Alice's account after the transfer
	aliceBal2 := must(hedera.NewAccountBalanceQuery().SetAccountID(aliceID).Execute(client))
	aliceNftAfter := aliceBal2.Tokens.Get(tokenID)
	fmt.Printf("- Alice's balance: %d NFTs of ID %s\n\n", aliceNftAfter, tokenID)
}

Overview

Quickstart

SDK Fundamentals

Keys

Transactions

Queries

Fees

Accounts

Token Service

Consensus Service

File Service

Scheduled Transactions

Smart Contracts

Signature Provider

Tutorials

Local Development

Create and Transfer Your First NFT

Summary

Prerequisites

1. Create a Non-Fungible Token (NFT)

2. Mint a New NFT

🚨 Throttle cap warning

3. Associate User Accounts with the NFT

4. Transfer the NFT

Code Check ✅

​Summary

​Prerequisites

​1. Create a Non-Fungible Token (NFT)

​2. Mint a New NFT

​🚨 Throttle cap warning

​3. Associate User Accounts with the NFT

​4. Transfer the NFT

​Code Check ✅

Summary

Prerequisites

1. Create a Non-Fungible Token (NFT)

2. Mint a New NFT

🚨 Throttle cap warning

3. Associate User Accounts with the NFT

4. Transfer the NFT

Code Check ✅