Hedera
  • Welcome to Hedera — let’s build the future
  • Getting Started
    • Environment Setup
    • Web2 Developers
      • Transfer HBAR
      • Create a Token
      • Create a Topic
    • EVM Developers
      • Deploy a Contract
  • Tutorials
    • Smart Contracts
      • How to Mint & Burn an ERC-721 Token Using Hardhat and Ethers (Part 1)
      • How to Set Access Control, a Token URI, Pause, and Transfer an ERC-721 Token Using Hardhat (Part 2)
      • How to Upgrade an ERC-721 Token with OpenZeppelin UUPS Proxies and Hardhat (Part 3)
      • How to Verify a Smart Contract on HashScan
      • Deploy a Smart Contract Using Remix
      • Deploy a Smart Contract Using Hardhat and Hiero JSON-RPC Relay
      • Deploy Your First Smart Contract
      • Deploy a Contract Using the Hedera Token Service
      • Send and Receive HBAR Using Solidity Smart Contracts
      • Deploy By Leveraging Ethereum Developer Tools On Hedera
      • Deploy a Subgraph Using The Graph and Hedera JSON-RPC Relay
      • Deploy Smart Contracts on Hedera Using Truffle
      • The Power of Native Hedera Tokens as ERC-20 Tokens: A step-by-step guide
      • HTS x EVM - Part 1: How to Mint NFTs
      • HTS x EVM - Part 2: KYC & Update
      • HTS x EVM - Part 3: How to Pause, Freeze, Wipe, and Delete NFTs
      • Hedera Smart Contracts Workshop
        • Setup
        • Solidity
        • Hedera SDK JS
        • Hardhat and EthersJs
        • Outro
      • Foundry
        • How to Setup Foundry and Write a Basic Unit Test
        • How to Deploy and Verify a Hedera Smart Contract with Foundry
        • How to Test A Solidity Event
        • How to Fork Testnet on Latest Block
    • Consensus
      • Submit Your First Message
      • Submit Message to Private Topic
      • Query Messages with Mirror Node
    • Tokens
      • Create and Transfer Your First NFT
      • Create and Transfer Your First Fungible Token
      • Create and Transfer an NFT using a Solidity Contract
      • Structure Your Token Metadata Using JSON Schema V2
      • Hedera Token Service - Part 1: How to Mint NFTs
      • Hedera Token Service - Part 2: KYC, Update, and Scheduled Transactions
      • Hedera Token Service - Part 3: How to Pause, Freeze, Wipe, and Delete NFTs
      • Create Your First Frictionless Airdrop Campaign
    • Local Node
      • How to Run Hedera Local Node in a Cloud Development Environment (CDE)
        • Run a Local Node in Gitpod
        • Run a Local Node in Codespaces
      • How to Set Up a Hedera Local Node
      • Set Up a Hedera Local Node using the NPM CLI
    • More Tutorials
      • Create and Fund Your Hedera Testnet Account
      • How to Create a Personal Access Token (API Key) on the Hedera Portal
      • How to Auto-Create Hedera Accounts with HBAR and Token Transfers
      • How to Configure a Mirror Node and Query Data
      • How to Generate a Random Number on Hedera
      • Get Started with the Hedera Consensus Service Fabric Plugin
        • Virtual Environment Setup
      • Schedule Your First Transaction
      • How to Connect to Hedera Networks Over RPC
        • Configuring Hashio RPC endpoints
        • Configuring Hiero JSON-RPC Relay endpoints
        • Configuring Validation Cloud RPC endpoints
      • JavaScript Testing
      • Create a Hedera DApp Integrated with WalletConnect
      • How to Connect MetaMask to Hedera
    • Demo Applications
    • Starter Projects
    • Building on Hedera (course)
  • Networks
    • Mainnet
      • Mainnet Accounts
      • Mainnet Consensus Nodes
        • Node Requirements
          • FAQ
      • Fees
        • Transaction Records
    • Testnets
      • Testnet Accounts
      • Testnet Consensus Nodes
    • Localnet
      • Single Node Configuration
      • Multinode Configuration
    • Network Explorers and Tools
    • Release Notes
      • Consensus Node
      • Hedera Mirror Node
  • Core Concepts
    • Accounts
      • Account Creation
      • Auto Account Creation
      • Account Properties
    • Keys and Signatures
    • Schedule Transaction
    • Smart Contracts
      • Understanding Hedera's EVM Differences and Compatibility
        • For EVM Developers Migrating to Hedera
          • Accounts, Signature Verification & Keys (ECDSA vs. ED25519)
          • JSON-RPC Relay and EVM Tooling
          • Token Management with Hedera Token Service
          • Decimal Handling (8 vs. 18 Decimals)
          • Handling HBAR Transfers in Contracts
        • For Hedera-Native Developers Adding Smart Contract Functionality
          • Integrating ED25519 Accounts and Advanced Features Into Smart Contracts
          • JSON-RPC Relay and State Queries
          • Extending Token Management with Smart Contracts
      • Creating Smart Contracts
      • Compiling Smart Contracts
      • System Smart Contracts
        • Hedera Account Service
        • Hedera Schedule Service
      • Gas and Fees
      • JSON-RPC Relay
      • Deploying Smart Contracts
      • Smart Contract Addresses
      • Verifying Smart Contracts
      • Smart Contract Traceability
      • Tokens Managed by Smart Contracts
        • ERC-20 (Fungible Tokens)
        • ERC-721 (Non-Fungible Token)
        • ERC-3643 Real World Assets (RWA)
        • ERC-1363 (Payable Tokens)
        • Hedera Token Service System Contract
      • Wrapped HBAR (WHBAR)
      • Smart Contract Rent
      • Smart Contract Security
      • EVM Archive Node Queries
    • Tokens
      • Tokenization on Hedera
      • Hedera Token Service (HTS) Native Tokenization
        • Token Types and ID Formats
        • Token Properties
        • Token Creation
        • Custom Fee Schedule
        • Token Airdrops
      • ERC/EVM-Compatible Tokenization
      • Hybrid (HTS + EVM ) Tokenization
    • Staking
      • Staking Program
      • Stake HBAR
    • Hashgraph Consensus Algorithm
      • Gossip About Gossip
      • Virtual Voting
    • Transactions and Queries
      • Transaction Properties
    • State and History
    • Mirror Nodes
      • Hedera Mirror Node
      • One Click Mirror Node Deployment
      • Run Your Own Mirror Node
        • Run Your Own Mirror Node with Google Cloud Storage (GCS)
        • Run Your Mirror Node with Amazon Web Services S3 (AWS)
  • Open Source Solutions and Integrations
    • AI Tools for Developers
      • Hedera AI Agent Kit
      • ElizaOS Plugin for Hedera
      • Hedera Hivemind
      • Kapa AI
    • Asset Tokenization Studio (ATS)
      • Web User Interface (UI)
      • Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
    • HashioDAO
      • Governance Token DAO
      • NFT DAO
      • Multisig DAO
      • DAO Proposals
      • Local Environment Setup
    • Hedera CLI
    • Hedera Contract Builder
    • Hedera Custodians Library
      • How to use it
    • Hedera Developer Playground
    • Hedera Wallet Snap By MetaMask
      • Hedera Wallet Snap Documentation
      • Tutorial: MetaMask Snaps – What Are They and How to Use Them
    • Interoperability and Bridging
      • LayerZero
    • NFT Studio
      • Airdrop List Verifier
      • Metadata Validator
      • NFT Rarity Inspector
      • NFT Token Holders List Builder
      • NFT Risk Calculator
      • Token Balance Snapshot
      • Hedera NFT SDK
    • Oracle Networks
      • Chainlink Oracles
      • Pyth Oracles
      • Supra Oracles
    • Stablecoin Studio
      • Core Concepts
      • Web UI Application
      • CLI Management
      • TypeScript SDK
    • Hedera Guardian
    • Hedera WalletConnect
  • SDKs & APIs
    • SDKs
      • Build Your Hedera Client
      • Set Up Your Local Network
      • Network Address Book
      • Keys
        • Generate a new key pair
        • Import an existing key
        • Create a key list
        • Create a threshold key
        • Generate a mnemonic phrase
        • Recover keys from a mnemonic phrase
      • HBAR
      • Specialized Types
      • Pseudorandom Number Generator
      • Transactions
        • Create a Batch Transaction
        • Transaction ID
        • Modify transaction fields
        • Create an unsigned transaction
        • Manually sign a transaction
        • Submit a transaction
        • Sign a multisignature transaction
        • Get a transaction receipt
        • Get a transaction record
      • Schedule Transaction
        • Schedule ID
        • Create a schedule transaction
        • Sign a scheduled transaction
        • Delete a schedule transaction
        • Get schedule info
        • Network Response Messages
      • Queries
      • General Network Response Messages
      • Accounts and HBAR
        • Create an account
        • Update an account
        • Transfer cryptocurrency
        • Approve an allowance
        • Delete an allowance
        • Delete an account
        • Get account balance
        • Get account info
        • Network Response Messages
      • Consensus Service
        • Create a topic
        • Update a topic
        • Submit a message
        • Delete a topic
        • Get topic messages
        • Get topic info
        • Network Response
      • Token Service
        • Token ID
        • NFT ID
        • Token types
        • Create a token
        • Custom token fees
        • Update a token
        • Update token custom fees
        • Update NFT metadata
        • Transfer tokens
        • Airdrop a token
        • Claim a token
        • Cancel a token
        • Reject a token
        • Delete a token
        • Mint a token
        • Burn a token
        • Freeze an account
        • Unfreeze an account
        • Enable KYC account flag
        • Disable KYC account flag
        • Associate tokens to an account
        • Dissociate tokens from an account
        • Pause a token
        • Unpause a token
        • Wipe a token
        • Atomic swaps
        • Get account token balance
        • Get token info
        • Get NFT info
        • Network Response Messages
      • File Service
        • Create a file
        • Append to a file
        • Update a file
        • Delete a file
        • Get file contents
        • Get file info
        • Network Response Messages
      • Smart Contract Service
        • Delegate Contract ID
        • Create a smart contract
        • Update a smart contract
        • Delete a smart contract
        • Call a smart contract function
        • Ethereum transaction
        • Get a smart contract function
        • Get smart contract bytecode
        • Get smart contract info
        • Hedera Service Solidity Libraries
        • Network Response Messages
      • Signature Provider
        • Provider
        • Signer
        • Wallet
        • Local Provider
    • Mirror Node REST API
      • Accounts
      • Balances
      • Blocks
      • Schedule Transactions
      • Smart Contracts
      • Tokens
      • Topics
      • Transactions
      • Network
    • Hedera Consensus Service gRPC API
    • Hedera APIs
      • Basic Types
        • AccountAmount
        • AccountID
        • ContractID
        • CryptoAllowance
        • CurrentAndNextFeeSchedule
        • FeeComponents
        • FeeData
        • FeeSchedule
        • FileID
        • Fraction
        • HederaFunctionality
        • Key
        • KeyList
        • NftAllowance
        • NftTransfer
        • NodeAddress
        • NodeAddressBook
        • RealmID
        • ScheduleID
        • SemanticVersion
        • ServicesConfigurationList
        • ServiceEndpoint
        • Setting
        • ShardID
        • Signature
        • SignatureList
        • SignatureMap
        • SignaturePair
        • SubType
        • TransferList
        • TransactionID
        • ThresholdKey
        • ThresholdSignature
        • TokenAllowance
        • TokenBalance
        • TokenBalances
        • TokenFreezeStatus
        • TokenPauseStatus
        • TokenID
        • TokenKycStatus
        • TokenRelationship
        • TokenTransferList
        • TokenType
        • TokenSupplyType
        • TopicID
        • TransactionFeeSchedule
      • Cryptocurrency Accounts
        • CryptoService
        • CryptApproveAllowance
        • CryptoDeleteAllowance
        • CryptoCreate
        • CryptoTransfer
        • CryptoUpdate
        • CryptoDelete
        • CryptoGetAccountBalance
        • CryptoGetAccountRecords
        • CryptoGetInfo
        • CryptoGetStakers
      • Consensus Service
        • Consensus Service
        • ConsensusCreateTopic
        • ConsensusUpdateTopic
        • ConsensusSubmitMessage
        • ConsensusDeleteTopic
        • ConsensusTopicInfo
        • ConsensusGetTopicInfo
      • Schedule Service
        • ScheduleService
        • SchedulableTransactionBody
        • ScheduleCreate
        • ScheduleDelete
        • ScheduleSign
        • ScheduleGetInfo
      • Token Service
        • TokenService
        • CustomFees
          • AssessedCustomFee
          • CustomFee
          • FractionalFee
          • FixedFee
          • RoyaltyFee
        • TokenCreate
        • TokenUpdate
        • TokenFeeScheduleUpdate
        • TokenDelete
        • TokenMint
        • TokenBurn
        • TokenFreezeAccount
        • TokenUnfreezeAccount
        • TokenGrantKyc
        • TokenRevokeKyc
        • TokenAssociate
        • TokenDissociate
        • TokenWipeAccount
        • TokenPause
        • TokenUnpause
        • TokenGetInfo
        • TokenGetNftInfo
        • TokenGetNftInfos
        • TokenGetAccountNftInfo
      • File Service
        • FileService
        • FileCreate
        • FileAppend
        • FileUpdate
        • FileDelete
        • FileGetContents
        • FileGetInfo
      • Smart Contracts
        • SmartContractService
        • ContractCall
        • ContractCallLocal
        • ContractCreate
        • ContractUpdate
        • ContractDelete
        • ContractGetByteCode
        • ContractGetInfo
        • ContractGetRecords
      • Miscellaneous
        • Duration
        • ExchangeRate
        • Freeze
        • FreezeType
        • GetByKey
        • GetBySolidityID
        • NetworkGetVersionInfo
        • NetworkService
        • Query
        • QueryHeader
        • Response
        • ResponseCode
        • ResponseHeader
        • SystemDelete
        • SystemUndelete
        • TimeStamp
        • Transaction
        • TransactionBody
        • TransactionContents
        • TransactionGetFastRecord
        • TransactionGetReceipt
        • TransactionGetRecord
        • TransactionReceipt
        • TransactionRecord
        • TransactionResponse
        • UncheckedSubmit
    • Hedera Status API
  • Support & Community
    • Glossary
    • Contributing to Hedera documentation
      • Contribution Guidelines
        • Creating Issues
        • Creating Pull Requests
        • Hedera Improvement Proposal (HIP)
        • Submit Demo Applications
      • Style Guide
        • Understanding different types of documentation
        • Use of HBAR and tinybars
        • Use of web2 and web3
        • Language and grammar
        • Formatting
        • Punctuation
        • GitBook Markdown Syntax
    • Discord
    • GitHub
    • Stack Overflow
    • Hedera Blog
    • Bug Bounty
    • Hedera Help
    • Documentation Survey
    • Meetups
    • Brand Guidelines
    • Status Page
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INTRODUCTION

  • Fees
  • Core Concepts
  • Network Information

TOOLS

  • Bridge
  • Oracles
  • Explorers
  • Developer Portal & Faucet

RESOURCES

  • Status
  • Bug Bounty
  • Build on Hedera (course)
  • Documentation Survey
On this page
  • Overview
  • Ethereum RPC API Behavior via JSON-RPC Relay
  • Testing Without Snapshots
  • Endpoints
  • Gossip Methods
  • State Methods
  • History Methods
  • Supported EVM Development Tools
  • Additional Resources

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  1. Core Concepts
  2. Smart Contracts
  3. Understanding Hedera's EVM Differences and Compatibility
  4. For EVM Developers Migrating to Hedera

JSON-RPC Relay and EVM Tooling

Overview

Hiero's JSON-RPC relay provides a familiar interface for EVM developers by supporting standard Ethereum JSON RPC methods. This compatibility means you can use popular EVM development tools (like Hardhat, Truffle, or Foundry) and wallets (like Metamask) to interact with Hedera’s network. However, Hedera’s unique state management model affects how you retrieve historical data and verify states, requiring a shift in approach from the standard EVM workflow.


Ethereum RPC API Behavior via JSON-RPC Relay

On Ethereum, methods like eth_getBlockByNumber return the true value of stateRoot that enables direct historical state verification. Hiero's JSON-RPC relay, however, returns the root hash of an empty Merkle trie for the stateRoot value for compatibility. Instead of relying on it, you should query Hedera’s mirror nodes for historical states, event logs, and transaction details.

Example JSON-RPC Query Request:

A request to eth_getBlockByNumber returns a stateRoot, but it’s not useful for historical verification on Hedera. Instead, use mirror node REST APIs to fetch the necessary historical information.

curl -X POST \
     -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
     -d '{
          "jsonrpc": "2.0",
          "method": "eth_getBlockByNumber",
          "params": [
              "0x1",
              false
          ],
          "id": 1
     }' \
     https://testnet.hashio.io/api

This returns the root hash of an empty Merkle trie for compatibility and not the actual stateRoot value.


Testing Without Snapshots

Hedera does not support contract snapshot feature commonly used in testing. Instead:

  • Use modular test designs, deploying fresh contracts before each test.

  • Leverage Hedera’s testnet or previewnet for integration testing.

  • Query mirror nodes for state verification over time.

  • Maintain isolated accounts for each test to ensure a clean environment.

Code Example: Modular Testing with Contract Redeployment

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

contract TestContract {
    uint256 public value;

    function setValue(uint256 _value) public {
        value = _value;
    }

    function reset() public {
        value = 0;
    }
}

contract TestSuite {
    TestContract testContract;

    // Deploy a fresh contract for each test
    function deployNewContract() public {
        testContract = new TestContract();
    }

    // Example test: setValue
    function testSetValue(uint256 _value) public {
        testContract.setValue(_value);
        require(testContract.value() == _value, "Value not set correctly");
    }

    // Example test: reset
    function testReset() public {
        testContract.reset();
        require(testContract.value() == 0, "Value not reset correctly");
    }
}

Endpoints

The JSON RPC Relay methods implement a subset of the standard method:

Gossip Methods

These methods track the head of the chain. This is how transactions make their way around the network, find their way into blocks, and how clients find out about new blocks.

Method
Static Response Value

N/A

N/A

State Methods

Methods that report the current state of all the data stored. The "state" is like one big shared piece of RAM, and includes account balances, contract data, and gas estimations.

Method
Static Response Value

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Generates and returns an estimate of how much gas is necessary to allow the transaction to complete.

History Methods

Fetches historical records of every block back to genesis. This is like one large append-only file, and includes all block headers, block bodies, uncle blocks, and transaction receipts.

Method
Static Response Value

N/A

N/A

null

0x0

Note that stateRoot value returned is always zero.

Note that stateRoot value returned is always zero.

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

null

null


Supported EVM Development Tools

Feature
web3js
Truffle
ethers
Hardhat
Remix IDE
Foundry

Transfer HBARS

✅

✅

✅

✅

✅

✅

Contract Deployment

✅

✅

✅

✅

✅

✅

Can use the contract instance after deploy without re-initialization

✅

✅

✅

✅

✅

✅

Contract View Function Call

✅

✅

✅

✅

✅

✅

Contract Function Call

✅

✅

✅

✅

✅

✅

Debug Operations*

❌

❌

❌

❌

❌

❌

*1: Debug operations are not supported yet.

Note: Development tools usually make a lot of requests to certain endpoints, especially during contract deployment. Be aware of rate limiting when deploying multiple large contracts.


Additional Resources

PreviousAccounts, Signature Verification & Keys (ECDSA vs. ED25519)NextToken Management with Hedera Token Service

Last updated 1 month ago

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💡 See the full list of methods .

Note: Enable to correctly assert revert messages of contract calls with hardhat-chai-matchers.

💡 See the full list of supported EVM tools .

here
development mode
here
Supported EVM Tooling
JSON-RPC Relay Docs
Hiero JSON-RPC Relay Repo
eth_blockNumber
eth_sendRawTransaction
eth_getBalance
eth_getStorageAt
eth_getTransactionCount
eth_getCode
eth_call
eth_estimateGas
eth_getBlockTransactionCountByHash
eth_getBlockTransactionCountByNumber
eth_getUncleCountByBlockHash
eth_getUncleCountByBlockNumber
eth_getBlockByHash
eth_getBlockByNumber
eth_getTransactionByHash
eth_getTransactionByBlockHashAndIndex
eth_getTransactionByBlockNumberAndIndex
eth_getTransactionReceipt
eth_getUncleByBlockHashAndIndex
eth_getUncleByBlockNumberAndIndex