Create and Transfer an NFT using a Solidity Contract
Besides creating NFTs using Hedera SDK, you can use a Solidity Contract to create, mint, and transfer NFTs by calling contract functions directly. These are the contracts you will need to import into your working directory provided by Hedera that you can find in the contracts folder here:
- HederaTokenService.sol
- HederaResponseCodes.sol
- IHederaTokenService.sol
- ExpiryHelper.sol
- FeeHelper.sol
- KeyHelper.sol
We recommend you complete the following introduction to get a basic understanding of Hedera transactions. This example does not build upon the previous examples.
If you are interested in creating, minting, and transferring NFTs using Hedera SDKs you can find the example here.
In this example, you will set gas for smart contract transactions multiple times. If you don't have enough gas you will receive an
INSUFFICIENT_GAS response. If you set the value too high you will be refunded a maximum of 20% of the amount that was set for the transaction.The following contract is composed of three functions:
createNftmintNfttransferNft
The important thing to know is that the NFT created in this example will have the contract itself as Treasury Account, Supply Key, and Auto-renew account. There’s NO admin key for the NFT or the contract.
NFTCreator.sol
NFTCreator_sol_NFTCreator.bin
// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0
pragma solidity >=0.5.0 <0.9.0;
import "./HederaResponseCodes.sol";
import "./IHederaTokenService.sol";
import "./HederaTokenService.sol";
import "./ExpiryHelper.sol";
import "./KeyHelper.sol";
contract NFTCreator is ExpiryHelper, KeyHelper, HederaTokenService {
function createNft(
string memory name,
string memory symbol,
string memory memo,
int64 maxSupply,
int64 autoRenewPeriod
) external payable returns (address){
IHederaTokenService.TokenKey[] memory keys = new IHederaTokenService.TokenKey[](1);
// Set this contract as supply for the token
keys[0] = getSingleKey(KeyType.SUPPLY, KeyValueType.CONTRACT_ID, address(this));
IHederaTokenService.HederaToken memory token;
token.name = name;
token.symbol = symbol;
token.memo = memo;
token.treasury = address(this);
token.tokenSupplyType = true; // set supply to FINITE
token.maxSupply = maxSupply;
token.tokenKeys = keys;
token.freezeDefault = false;
token.expiry = createAutoRenewExpiry(address(this), autoRenewPeriod); // Contract auto-renews the token
(int responseCode, address createdToken) = HederaTokenService.createNonFungibleToken(token);
if(responseCode != HederaResponseCodes.SUCCESS){
revert("Failed to create non-fungible token");
}
return createdToken;
}
function mintNft(
address token,
bytes[] memory metadata
) external returns(int64){
(int response, , int64[] memory serial) = HederaTokenService.mintToken(token, 0, metadata);
if(response != HederaResponseCodes.SUCCESS){
revert("Failed to mint non-fungible token");
}
return serial[0];
}
function transferNft(
address token,
address receiver,
int64 serial
) external returns(int){
HederaTokenService.associateToken(receiver, token);
int response = HederaTokenService.transferNFT(token, address(this), receiver, serial);
if(response != HederaResponseCodes.SUCCESS){
revert("Failed to transfer non-fungible token");
}
return response;
}
}
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Store your contract on Hedera using
ContractCreateFlow(). This single call performs FileCreateTransaction(),FileAppendTransaction(), and ContractCreateTransaction() for you. See the difference here.Java
JavaScript
Go
// Create contract
ContractCreateFlow createContract = new ContractCreateFlow()
.setBytecode(bytecode) // Contract bytecode
.setGas(4_000_000); // Increase if revert
TransactionResponse createContractTx = createContract.execute(client);
TransactionReceipt createContractRx = createContractTx.getReceipt(client);
// Get the new contract ID
ContractId newContractId = createContractRx.contractId;
System.out.println("Contract created with ID: " + newContractId);
// Create contract
const createContract = new ContractCreateFlow()
.setGas(4000000) // Increase if revert
.setBytecode(bytecode); // Contract bytecode
const createContractTx = await createContract.execute(client);
const createContractRx = await createContractTx.getReceipt(client);
const contractId = createContractRx.contractId;
console.log(`Contract created with ID: ${contractId} \n`);
//Create the transaction
createContract := hedera.NewContractCreateFlow().
SetGas(4000000).
SetBytecode([]byte(bytecode))
//Sign the transaction with the client operator key and submit to a Hedera network
txResponse, err := createContract.Execute(client)
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
//Request the receipt of the transaction
receipt, err := txResponse.GetReceipt(client)
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
//Get the contract ID
newContractId := *receipt.ContractID
fmt.Printf("The new contract ID is %v\n", newContractId)
The parameters you need to specify for this contract call are Name, Symbol, Memo, Maximum Supply, and Expiration. Setting an expiration date in seconds is required because entities on Hedera will need to pay a “rent” to persist. In this case, the contract entity will pay all NFT auto-renewal fees.
Java
JavaScript
Go
// Create NFT using contract
ContractExecuteTransaction createToken = new ContractExecuteTransaction()
.setContractId(newContractId) // Contract id
.setGas(4_000_000) // Increase if revert
.setPayableAmount(new Hbar(50)) // Increase if revert
.setFunction("createNft", new ContractFunctionParameters()
.addString("Fall Collection") // NFT Name
.addString("LEAF") // NFT Symbol
.addString("Just a memo") // NFT Memo
.addInt64(10) // NFT max supply
.addUint32(7_000_000)); // Expiration: Needs to be between 6999999 and 8000001
TransactionResponse createTokenTx = createToken.execute(client);
TransactionRecord createTokenRx = createTokenTx.getRecord(client);
String tokenIdSolidityAddr = createTokenRx.contractFunctionResult.getAddress(0);
AccountId tokenId = AccountId.fromSolidityAddress(tokenIdSolidityAddr);
System.out.println("Token created with ID: " + tokenId);
// Create NFT from precompile
const createToken = new ContractExecuteTransaction()
.setContractId(contractId)
.setGas(4000000) // Increase if revert
.setPayableAmount(50) // Increase if revert
.setFunction("createNft",
new ContractFunctionParameters()
.addString("Fall Collection") // NFT name
.addString("LEAF") // NFT symbol
.addString("Just a memo") // NFT memo
.addInt64(250) // NFT max supply
.addUint32(7000000) // Expiration: Needs to be between 6999999 and 8000001
);
const createTokenTx = await createToken.execute(client);
const createTokenRx = await createTokenTx.getRecord(client);
const tokenIdSolidityAddr = createTokenRx.contractFunctionResult.getAddress(0);
const tokenId = AccountId.fromSolidityAddress(tokenIdSolidityAddr);
console.log(`Token created with ID: ${tokenId} \n`);
contractParams := hedera.NewContractFunctionParameters().
AddString("Fall Collection"). // NFT name
AddString("LEAF"). // NFT symbol
AddString("Just a memo"). // NFT memo
AddInt64(250). // NFT max supply
AddUint32(7000000) // Expiration: Needs to be between 6999999 and 8000001
//Create NFT
createToken, err := hedera.NewContractExecuteTransaction().
//The contract ID
SetContractID(newContractId).
//The max gas
SetGas(4000000).
SetPayableAmount(hedera.NewHbar(50)).
//The contract function to call and parameters
SetFunction("createNft", contractParams).
Execute(client)
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
//Get the record
txRecord, err := createToken.GetRecord(client)
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
//Get transaction status
contractResult, err := txRecord.GetContractExecuteResult()
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
tokenIdSolidityAddr := hex.EncodeToString(contractResult.GetAddress(0))
tokenId, err := hedera.AccountIDFromSolidityAddress(tokenIdSolidityAddr)
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
fmt.Printf("Token created with ID: %v\n", tokenId)
After the token ID is created, you mint each NFT under that ID using the
mintNft function. For the minting, you must specify the token ID as a Solidity address and the NFT metadata.Both the NFT image and metadata live in the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS), which provides decentralized storage. The file metadata.json contains the metadata for the NFT. An IPFS URI pointing to the metadata file is used during minting of a new NFT. Notice that the metadata file contains a URI pointing to the NFT image.
Java
JavaScript
Go
// Mint NFT
ContractExecuteTransaction mintToken = new ContractExecuteTransaction()
.setContractId(newContractId)
.setGas(4_000_000)
.setFunction("mintNft", new ContractFunctionParameters()
.addAddress(tokenIdSolidityAddr) // Token address
.addBytesArray(byteArray)); // Metadata
TransactionResponse mintTokenTx = mintToken.execute(client);
TransactionRecord mintTokenRx = mintTokenTx.getRecord(client);
// NFT serial number
long serial = mintTokenRx.contractFunctionResult.getInt64(0);
System.out.println("Minted NFT with serial: " + serial);
// ipfs URI
metadata = "ipfs://bafyreie3ichmqul4xa7e6xcy34tylbuq2vf3gnjf7c55trg3b6xyjr4bku/metadata.json";
// Mint NFT
const mintToken = new ContractExecuteTransaction()
.setContractId(contractId)
.setGas(4000000)
.setFunction("mintNft",
new ContractFunctionParameters()
.addAddress(tokenIdSolidityAddr) // Token address
.addBytesArray([Buffer.from(metadata)]) // Metadata
);
const mintTokenTx = await mintToken.execute(client);
const mintTokenRx = await mintTokenTx.getRecord(client);
const serial = mintTokenRx.contractFunctionResult.getInt64(0);
console.log(`Minted NFT with serial: ${serial} \n`);
// ipfs URI
metadata := "ipfs://bafyreie3ichmqul4xa7e6xcy34tylbuq2vf3gnjf7c55trg3b6xyjr4bku/metadata.json"
bytesArray := [][]byte{}
bytesArray = append(bytesArray, []byte(metadata))
// Add token address to params
mintParams, err := hedera.NewContractFunctionParameters().
AddAddress(tokenIdSolidityAddr)
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
// Add metadata to params
mintParams = mintParams.AddBytesArray(bytesArray)
// Mint NFT
mintToken, err := hedera.NewContractExecuteTransaction().
//The contract ID
SetContractID(newContractId).
//The max gas
SetGas(4000000).
//The contract function to call and parameters
SetFunction("mintNft", mintParams).
Execute(client)
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
//Get the record
mintRecord, err := mintToken.GetRecord(client)
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
//Get transaction status
mintResult, err := mintRecord.GetContractExecuteResult()
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
serial := mintResult.GetInt64(0)
fmt.Printf("Minted NFT with serial: %v\n", serial)
metadata.json
{
"name": "LEAF1.jpg",
"creator": "Mother Nature",
"description": "Autumn",
"type": "image/jpg",
"format": "none",
"properties": {
"city": "Boston",
"season": "Fall",
"decade": "20's"
},
"image": "ipfs://bafybeig35bheyqpi4qlnuljpok54ud753bnp62fe6jit343hv3oxhgnbfm/LEAF1.jpg"
}
The NFT is minted to the contract address because the contract is the treasury for the token. Now transfer the NFT to another account or contract address. In this example, you will transfer the NFT to Alice. For the transfer, you must specify the token address and NFT serial number.
The
transferNft function in the Solidity contract contains a call to an associateToken function that will automatically associate Alice to the token ID. This association transaction must be signed using Alice's private key. After signing, Alice will receive the NFT.Java
JavaScript
Go
// Transfer NFT to Alice
ContractExecuteTransaction transferToken = new ContractExecuteTransaction()
.setContractId(newContractId)
.setGas(4_000_000)
.setFunction("transferNft", new ContractFunctionParameters()
.addAddress(tokenIdSolidityAddr) // Token id
.addAddress(aliceId.toSolidityAddress()) // Token receiver (Alice)
.addInt64(serial)) // Serial number
.freezeWith(client) // Freeze transaction using client
.sign(aliceKey); //Sign using Alice Private Key
TransactionResponse transferTokenTx = transferToken.execute(client);
TransactionReceipt transferTokenRx = transferTokenTx.getReceipt(client);
System.out.println("Trasnfer status: " + transferTokenRx.status);
// Transfer NFT to Alice
const transferToken = await new ContractExecuteTransaction()
.setContractId(contractId)
.setGas(4000000)
.setFunction("transferNft",
new ContractFunctionParameters()
.addAddress(tokenIdSolidityAddr) // Token address
.addAddress(aliceId.toSolidityAddress()) // Token receiver (Alice)
.addInt64(serial)) // NFT serial number
.freezeWith(client) // freezing using client
.sign(aliceKey); // Sign transaction with Alice
const transferTokenTx = await transferToken.execute(client);
const transferTokenRx = await transferTokenTx.getReceipt(client);
console.log(`Transfer status: ${transferTokenRx.status} \n`);
// Add token address to params
transferParams, err := hedera.NewContractFunctionParameters().
AddAddress(tokenIdSolidityAddr)
// Add Alice address to params
transferParams, err = transferParams.AddAddress(aliceAccountId.ToSolidityAddress())
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
transferParams = transferParams.AddInt64(serial)
// Transfer NFT
transferToken, err := hedera.NewContractExecuteTransaction().
//The contract ID
SetContractID(newContractId).
//The max gas
SetGas(4000000).
//The contract function to call and parameters
SetFunction("transferNft", transferParams).
FreezeWith(client)
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
transferSubmit, err := transferToken.Sign(aliceKey).Execute(client)
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
//Get the record
transferRecord, err := transferSubmit.GetReceipt(client)
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
fmt.Printf("Transfer status: %v\n", transferRecord.Status)
package _nft_hscs_hts.hedera;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
import com.hedera.hashgraph.sdk.*;
import io.github.cdimascio.dotenv.Dotenv;
public class Deploy {
// Account creation function
private static AccountId accountCreator(PrivateKey pvKey, int iBal , Client client) throws TimeoutException, PrecheckStatusException, ReceiptStatusException {
AccountCreateTransaction transaction = new AccountCreateTransaction()
.setKey(pvKey.getPublicKey())
.setInitialBalance(new Hbar(iBal));
TransactionResponse txResponse = transaction.execute(client);
TransactionReceipt receipt = txResponse.getReceipt(client);
return receipt.accountId;
}
public static void main( String[] args ) throws TimeoutException, PrecheckStatusException, ReceiptStatusException, IOException
{
// ipfs URI
String metadata = ("ipfs://bafyreie3ichmqul4xa7e6xcy34tylbuq2vf3gnjf7c55trg3b6xyjr4bku/metadata.json");
byte[][] byteArray = new byte[1][metadata.length()];
byteArray[0] = metadata.getBytes();
AccountId operatorId = AccountId.fromString(Objects.requireNonNull(Dotenv.load().get("ACCOUNT_ID")));
PrivateKey operatorKey = PrivateKey.fromString(Objects.requireNonNull(Dotenv.load().get("PRIVATE_KEY")));
Client client = Client.forTestnet();
client.setOperator(operatorId, operatorKey);
PrivateKey aliceKey = PrivateKey.generateED25519();
AccountId aliceId = accountCreator(aliceKey, 100, client);
System.out.print(aliceId);
String bytecode = Files.readString(Paths.get("./NFTCreator_sol_NFTCreator.bin"));
// Create contract
ContractCreateFlow createContract = new ContractCreateFlow()
.setBytecode(bytecode) // Contract bytecode
.setGas(4_000_000); // Increase if revert
TransactionResponse createContractTx = createContract.execute(client);
TransactionReceipt createContractRx = createContractTx.getReceipt(client);
// Get the new contract ID
ContractId newContractId = createContractRx.contractId;
System.out.println("Contract created with ID: " + newContractId);
// Create NFT using contract
ContractExecuteTransaction createToken = new ContractExecuteTransaction()
.setContractId(newContractId) // Contract id
.setGas(4_000_000) // Increase if revert
.setPayableAmount(new Hbar(50)) // Increase if revert
.setFunction("createNft", new ContractFunctionParameters()
.addString("Fall Collection") // NFT Name
.addString("LEAF") // NFT Symbol
.addString("Just a memo") // NFT Memo
.addUint32(10) // NFT max supply
.addUint32(7_000_000)); // Expiration: Needs to be between 6999999 and 8000001
TransactionResponse createTokenTx = createToken.execute(client);
TransactionRecord createTokenRx = createTokenTx.getRecord(client);
String tokenIdSolidityAddr = createTokenRx.contractFunctionResult.getAddress(0);
AccountId tokenId = AccountId.fromSolidityAddress(tokenIdSolidityAddr);
System.out.println("Token created with ID: " + tokenId);
// Mint NFT
ContractExecuteTransaction mintToken = new ContractExecuteTransaction()
.setContractId(newContractId)
.setGas(4_000_000)
.setFunction("mintNft", new ContractFunctionParameters()
.addAddress(tokenIdSolidityAddr) // Token address
.addBytesArray(byteArray)); // Metadata
TransactionResponse mintTokenTx = mintToken.execute(client);
TransactionRecord mintTokenRx = mintTokenTx.getRecord(client);
// NFT serial number
long serial = mintTokenRx.contractFunctionResult.getInt64(0);
System.out.println("Minted NFT with serial: " + serial);
// Transfer NFT to Alice
ContractExecuteTransaction transferToken = new ContractExecuteTransaction()
.setContractId(newContractId)
.setGas(4_000_000)
.setFunction("transferNft", new ContractFunctionParameters()
.addAddress(tokenIdSolidityAddr) // Token id
.addAddress(aliceId.toSolidityAddress()) // Token receiver (Alice)
.addInt64(serial)) // Serial number
.freezeWith(client) // Freeze transaction using client
.sign(aliceKey); //Sign using Alice Private Key
TransactionResponse transferTokenTx = transferToken.execute(client);
TransactionReceipt transferTokenRx = transferTokenTx.getReceipt(client);
System.out.println("Trasnfer status: " + transferTokenRx.status);
}
}
const fs = require('fs');
const { AccountId,
PrivateKey,
Client,
ContractCreateFlow,
ContractExecuteTransaction,
ContractFunctionParameters,
AccountCreateTransaction,
Hbar
} = require('@hashgraph/sdk');
// Setup your .env path
require('dotenv').config({path: __dirname + '/../../.env'});
// ipfs URI
metadata = "ipfs://bafyreie3ichmqul4xa7e6xcy34tylbuq2vf3gnjf7c55trg3b6xyjr4bku/metadata.json";
const operatorKey = PrivateKey.fromString(process.env.PRIVATE_KEY);
const operatorId = AccountId.fromString(process.env.ACCOUNT_ID);
const client = Client.forTestnet().setOperator(operatorId, operatorKey);
// Account creation function
async function accountCreator(pvKey, iBal) {
const response = await new AccountCreateTransaction()
.setInitialBalance(new Hbar(iBal))
.setKey(pvKey.publicKey)
.execute(client);
const receipt = await response.getReceipt(client);
return receipt.accountId;
}
const main = async () => {
// Init Alice account
const aliceKey = PrivateKey.generateED25519();
const aliceId = await accountCreator(aliceKey, 100);
const bytecode = fs.readFileSync('./binaries/NFTCreator_sol_NFTCreator.bin');
// Create contract
const createContract = new ContractCreateFlow()
.setGas(4000000) // Increase if revert
.setBytecode(bytecode); // Contract bytecode
const createContractTx = await createContract.execute(client);
const createContractRx = await createContractTx.getReceipt(client);
const contractId = createContractRx.contractId;
console.log(`Contract created with ID: ${contractId} \n`);
// Create NFT from precompile
const createToken = new ContractExecuteTransaction()
.setContractId(contractId)
.setGas(4000000) // Increase if revert
.setPayableAmount(50) // Increase if revert
.setFunction("createNft",
new ContractFunctionParameters()
.addString("Fall Collection") // NFT name
.addString("LEAF") // NFT symbol
.addString("Just a memo") // NFT memo
.addUint32(250) // NFT max supply
.addUint32(7000000) // Expiration: Needs to be between 6999999 and 8000001
);
const createTokenTx = await createToken.execute(client);
const createTokenRx = await createTokenTx.getRecord(client);
const tokenIdSolidityAddr = createTokenRx.contractFunctionResult.getAddress(0);
const tokenId = AccountId.fromSolidityAddress(tokenIdSolidityAddr);
console.log(`Token created with ID: ${tokenId} \n`);
// Mint NFT
const mintToken = new ContractExecuteTransaction()
.setContractId(contractId)
.setGas(4000000)
.setFunction("mintNft",
new ContractFunctionParameters()
.addAddress(tokenIdSolidityAddr) // Token address
.addBytesArray([Buffer.from(metadata)]) // Metadata
);
const mintTokenTx = await mintToken.execute(client);
const mintTokenRx = await mintTokenTx.getRecord(client);
const serial = mintTokenRx.contractFunctionResult.getInt64(0);
console.log(`Minted NFT with serial: ${serial} \n`);
// Transfer NFT to Alice
const transferToken = await new ContractExecuteTransaction()
.setContractId(contractId)
.setGas(4000000)
.setFunction("transferNft",
new ContractFunctionParameters()
.addAddress(tokenIdSolidityAddr) // Token address
.addAddress(aliceId.toSolidityAddress()) // Token receiver (Alice)
.addInt64(serial)) // NFT serial number
.freezeWith(client) // freezing using client
.sign(aliceKey); // Sign transaction with Alice
const transferTokenTx = await transferToken.execute(client);
const transferTokenRx = await transferTokenTx.getReceipt(client);
console.log(`Transfer status: ${transferTokenRx.status} \n`);
}
main();
package main
import (
"encoding/hex"
"fmt"
"io/ioutil"
"os"
"github.com/hashgraph/hedera-sdk-go/v2"
"github.com/joho/godotenv"
)
func main() {
godotenv.Load("../.env")
metadata := "ipfs://bafyreie3ichmqul4xa7e6xcy34tylbuq2vf3gnjf7c55trg3b6xyjr4bku/metadata.json"
bytesArray := [][]byte{}
bytesArray = append(bytesArray, []byte(metadata))
var client *hedera.Client
var err error
client = hedera.ClientForTestnet()
operatorId, err := hedera.AccountIDFromString(os.Getenv("OPERATOR_ID"))
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
operatorKey, err := hedera.PrivateKeyFromString(os.Getenv("OPERATOR_PVKEY"))
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
client.SetOperator(operatorId, operatorKey)
aliceKey, err := hedera.PrivateKeyGenerateEd25519()
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
//Create the transaction
accountCreate := hedera.NewAccountCreateTransaction().
SetKey(aliceKey.PublicKey()).
SetInitialBalance(hedera.NewHbar(100))
//Sign the transaction with the client operator private key and submit to a Hedera network
accountCreateSubmit, err := accountCreate.Execute(client)
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
//Request the receipt of the transaction
accountCreateReceipt, err := accountCreateSubmit.GetReceipt(client)
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
//Get the account ID
aliceAccountId := *accountCreateReceipt.AccountID
// Make sure to close client after running
defer func() {
err = client.Close()
if err != nil {
println(err.Error(), ": error closing client")
return
}
}()
// Read bytecode
bytecode, err := ioutil.ReadFile("./NFTCreator_sol_NFTCreator.bin")
if err != nil {
println(err.Error(), ": error reading bytecode")
return
}
//Create the transaction
createContract := hedera.NewContractCreateFlow().
SetGas(4000000).
SetBytecode([]byte(bytecode))
//Sign the transaction with the client operator key and submit to a Hedera network
txResponse, err := createContract.Execute(client)
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
//Request the receipt of the transaction
receipt, err := txResponse.GetReceipt(client)
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}